The Modern Science and Technology: Now on the way to Islamic Cosmology!

 

١. بِسۡمِ ٱللهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِِ ◯

In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.

. ٱلۡحَمۡدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلۡعَـٰلَمِينَِ ◯

Praise be to Allah, The Cherisher and Sustainer of the Worlds ;

The Modern Science and Technology: Now on the way to Islamic Cosmology!

                                                 Muhammad Sheikh Ramzan Hossain

The Islamic creationism is the belief that the universe (including humanity) was directly created by Allah as explained in the following Holy Quranic verses:

قُلِ اللَّـهُ خَالِقُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَهُوَ الْوَاحِدُ الْقَهَّارُ ◯

Say : “ Allah  is the Creator Of all things : He is The One, the Supreme and Irresistible.” 

(Sūra 13: Ra’d, or Thunder, Ayat:16, Verses 43 — Madani; Revealed at Madina — Sections 6, https://quranyusufali.com/13/)

In Islamic thought the cosmos includes both the Unseen Universe (Arabic: عالم الغيب, Alam-al-Ghaib) and the Observable Universe (Arabic: عالم الشهود, Alam-al-Shahood).[5]  Eugenie Scott (13 February 2018). "The Creation/Evolution Continuum". NCSE. Retrieved 6 May 2019. creationism comes in many forms, and not all of them reject evolution

 Islamic Cosmography

Islam is very clear about the belief that Allah was responsible for the creation of the universe. There is no single story of creation, but there are references to it in many places in the Qur’an. From these it is possible to build a picture.

Allah is eternal, and so not bound by the constraints of time.

Allah decided to create the universe. Allah, with unlimited power and authority, commanded things to come into being.

Allah then made all living creatures, the angels, the planets and the rain to allow vegetation to grow.

Allah sent angels to Earth to collect seven handfuls of soil, all of different colours. With that soil Allah made the first man, Adam, breathing life and power into him.

Eve, the first woman, was created from the side of Adam and lived with him in paradise.

Adam and Eve disobeyed Allah. They were forgiven, but were sent from paradise to the Earth which Allah had created.

The Earth was created to allow Adam and Eve and their descendants (the human race) to live and thrive.

It took Allah six days to complete the creation of the universe. (Source: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zv2fgwx/revision/8).

There are several verses in the Qur'an which some modern writers have interpreted as being compatible with the expansion of the universe, Big Bang and Big Crunch theories (Sources: i) Harun Yahya (June 30, 2005). "The Big Bang Echoes through the Map of the Galaxy". Harun Yahya. Horsham, England: Global Publication Ltd. Co. Retrieved 2014-03-21.

 ii) Bucaille 1976,,Bucaille 1977, iii) Abd-Allah, A. "The Qur'an, Knowledge, and Science". Compendium of Muslim Texts. Los Angeles, CA: University of Southern California. Archived from the original on 2008-11-28. Retrieved 2014-03-21.

Big Bang and the Holy Islam

 ٣٠- أَوَلَمْ يَرَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنَّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ كَانَتَا رَتْقًا فَفَتَقْنَاهُمَا وَجَعَلْنَا مِنَ الْمَاءِ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ حَيٍّ أَفَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ ◯

Do not the Unbelievers see That the heavens and the earth Were joined together (as one Unit of Creation), before We clove them asunder ? We made from water Every living thing. Will they Not then believe?   

(Sūra 21: Anbiyāa, or The Prophets, Ayat: 30,Verses 112 — Makki; Revealed at Makka — Sections 7, https://quranyusufali.com/21/).

.١١- ثُمَّ اسْتَوَىٰ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَهِيَ دُخَانٌ فَقَالَ لَهَا وَلِلْأَرْضِ ائْتِيَا طَوْعًا أَوْ كَرْهًا قَالَتَا أَتَيْنَا طَائِعِينَ ◯

“Moreover He comprehended In His design the sky, And it had been (as) smoke : He said to it And to the earth : “ Come ye together, Willingly or unwillingly. ” They said : “ We do come (Together), in willing obedience. ”

(Sūra 41: Hā-Mīm, or Hā-Mīm Sajda, or Fussilat, Ayat: 11,Verses 54 — Makki; Revealed at Makka — Sections 6, https://quranyusufali.com/41/)

٤٧- وَالسَّمَاءَ بَنَيْنَاهَا بِأَيْدٍ وَإِنَّا لَمُوسِعُونَ ◯

 “With power and skill Did We construct The Firmament : For it is We Who create The vastness of Space”. 

(Sūra 51: Zāriyāt, or the Winds that Scatter, Ayat: 47, Verses 60 — Makki; Revealed at Makka — Sections 3, https://quranyusufali.com/51/)

١٠٤- يَوْمَ نَطْوِي السَّمَاءَ كَطَيِّ السِّجِلِّ لِلْكُتُبِ كَمَا بَدَأْنَا أَوَّلَ خَلْقٍ نُعِيدُهُ وَعْدًا عَلَيْنَا إِنَّا كُنَّا فَاعِلِينَ ◯

 “The Day that We roll up The heavens like a scroll Rolled up for books (completed),— Even as We produced The first Creation, so Shall We produce A new one : a promise We have undertaken : Truly shall We fulfil it”.

(Sūra 21: Anbiyāa, or The Prophets, Ayat: 104,Verses 112 — Makki; Revealed at Makka — Sections 7, https://quranyusufali.com/21/)

There are several verses in the Qur'an (610–632) which some medieval and modern writers have reinterpreted as foreshadowing modern cosmological theories.

An early example of this can be seen in the work of the Islamic theologian Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (1149–1209), in dealing with his conception of physics and the physical world in his Matalib. 

In his Matalib,.he discusses Islamic cosmology,  and explores "the notion of the existence of a multiverse in the context of his commentary" on the Quranic verse, "All praise belongs to Allah, Lord of the Worlds. He rejects the Aristotelian view of a single world or universe in favor of the existence of multiple worlds and universes, a view that he believed to be supported by the Quran.

Cosmology in the medieval Islamic world

Cosmology was studied extensively in the Muslim world during what is known as the Islamic Golden Age from the 7th to 15th centuries. There are exactly seven Skies based concept in the holy Islam. In the holy Quran Allah, almighty says: 

٣-الَّذِي خَلَقَ سَبْعَ سَمَاوَاتٍ طِبَاقًا ۖ مَّا تَرَىٰ فِي خَلْقِ الرَّحْمَـٰنِ مِن تَفَاوُتٍ ۖ فَارْجِعِ الْبَصَرَ هَلْ تَرَىٰ مِن فُطُورٍ ◯

He Who created The seven heavens One above another : No want of proportion Wilt thou see In the Creation Of (Allah) Most Gracious. So, turn thy vision again : Seest thou any flaw ?

(Sūra 67: Mulk, or Dominion, Ayat: 3,Verses 30 — Makki; Revealed at Makka — Sections 2, https://quranyusufali.com/67/). 

The seven skies formed step by step and human beings inhabiting at the lowest sky, that is we see from earth and the highest sky is nearest the paradise (Jannah).

Islamic historian Michael Cook states that the "basic structure" of the Islamic universe according to scholars interpretation of the verses of the Quran and Islamic traditions was of seven Skies above seven earths.[25]

In 850, al-Farghani wrote Kitab fi Jawani ("A compendium of the science of stars"). The book primarily gave a summary of Ptolemic cosmography. However, it also corrected Ptolemy's Almagest based on findings of earlier Iranian astronomers. Al-Farghani gave revised values for the obliquity of the ecliptic, the precessional movement of the apogees of the sun and the moon, and the circumference of the earth. The books were widely circulated through the Muslim world, and even translated into Latin.

Creationism is the religious belief that nature, and aspects such as the universe, Earth, life, and humans, originated with supernatural acts of divine creation.[1][2]