CIRNN

 CIRNN

بِسۡمِ ٱللهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِِ ◯

 In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.

 ٱلۡحَمۡدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلۡعَـٰلَمِينَِ ◯

 Praise be to Allah,

The Cherisher and Sustainer of the Worlds;

(Source:  Sūra 1: Fātiha, Ayat: 1, https://quranyusufali.com/1).

Knowledge: in light of the Holy Quran:

সূরাহ আল আলাক্বের প্রথম আয়াতে আল্লাহর রবুবিয়াত এবং খালকিয়াত সম্পর্কে পড়ার অর্থাৎ জ্ঞান শিক্ষার অনুপ্রেরণা এই
বলেঃ  ١- اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ ◯

1. Proclaim ! (or Read !) in the name Of thy Lord and Cherisher, Who created—

 (Sūra 96: Iqraa (Read or Proclaim) or ‘Alaq (The Clot of Congealed Blood), Ayat: 1, Verses 19 — Makki; Revealed at Makka — Sections 1, https://quranyusufali.com/96/)

 দ্বিতীয় আয়াতে এই বলে মানব সৃষ্টিতত্ত্বের গবেষণার অনুপ্রেরণা দেওয়া হয়েছেঃ 

 ٢- خَلَقَ الْإِنسَانَ مِنْ عَلَقٍ ◯

2. Created man out of A (mere) clot Of congealed blood :

তৃতীয় আয়াতে পড়ে স্বীয় রবের মর্যাদা সম্পর্কে জানা, বুঝার তাগিদ দেয়া হয়েছে এই বলেঃ

 ٣- اقْرَأْ وَرَبُّكَ الْأَكْرَمُ ◯

3. Proclaim (Read)! And thy Lord Is Most Bountiful,—

 ０- الَّذِي عَلَّمَ بِالْقَلَمِ ◯

１4. He Who taught (The use of) the Pen,—

 ٥- عَلَّمَ الْإِنسَانَ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمْ ◯

5. Taught man that Which he knew not.

Science: in light of the Holy Quran:

 The Holy Quran: a scientific book. In this context, Allah Ta'ala says:

 ١- يس ◯

1. Ya Sin.

٢- وَالْقُرْآنِ الْحَكِيمِ ◯

2. By the Qur-ān, Full of Wisdom,—

(Sūra 36: Yā-Sīn, Ayat: 1-2,Verses 83 — Makki; Revealed at Makka — Sections 5, https://quranyusufali.com/36/).

 স্বয়ং আল্লাহ তায়ালা একাধারে জ্ঞানী এবং বিজ্ঞানী। এ প্রসঙ্গে আল্লাহ তায়ালা বলেনঃ

إِنَّ اللَّـهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا ◯

 “Verily God (Allah) is full Of knowledge and wisdom”.

(Sūra 33: Ahzāb, or The Confederates, Ayat: 1, Verses 73 — Madani; Revealed at Madina — Sections 9, https://quranyusufali.com/33).

অন্যত্র বলেনঃ তিনি পরাক্রমশালী প্রজ্ঞাময়। এ প্রসঙ্গে আল্লাহ তায়ালা বলেনঃ

وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ ◯

 ”And He is the Exalted In Might, the Wise.”

 (Sūra 59: Hashr, or The Gathering (or Banishment), Ayat:24, Verses 24 — Madani; Revealed at Madina — Sections 3).

 আল্লাহ তায়ালা মানব জাতির আল কুরআন এবং জ্ঞান-বিজ্ঞানের মহান শিক্ষক

 আল্লাহ তায়ালা মানব জাতির আল কুরআনের মহান শিক্ষক

 ١- الرَّحْمَـٰنُ ◯

1. (Allah/God) Most Gracious!

٢- عَلَّمَ الْقُرْآنَ ◯

2. It is He Who has Taught the Qur-ān.

 (Sūra 55: Rahmān, or (Allah/God) Most Gracious, Ayat:01-02, Verses 78 — Madani; Revealed at Madina — Sections 3, https://quranyusufali.com/55/).

 আল্লাহ তায়ালা মানুষ-কে যতটুকু ইচ্ছা জ্ঞান দান করেন থাকেন। এ প্রসঙ্গে আল্লাহ তায়ালা পবিত্র কুরআনে বলেনঃ

 وَلَا يُحِيطُونَ بِشَيْءٍ مِّنْ عِلْمِهِ إِلَّا بِمَا شَاءَ ۚ

 “Nor shall they compass aught of his knowledge except as He willeth”. (

Sūra 2: Baqara, or the Heifer, Ayat:255, Verses 286 — Madani; Revealed at Madina — Sections 40, https://quranyusufali.com/2/).

 মহান আল্লাহ মানুষকে তা-ই শিক্ষা দেন যা মানুষ জানে না। এ প্রসঙ্গে আল্লাহ তায়ালা পবিত্র কুরআনে বলেনঃ

０-  عَلَّمَ الْإِنسَانَ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمْ ◯

１“Taught man that Which he knew not”.

(Sūra 96: Iqraa (Read or Proclaim) or ‘Alaq (The Clot of Congealed Blood): Ayat:5, Verses 19 — Makk, https://quranyusufali.com/96/).

Cosmology: In light of Holy Quran

Big Bang concept: in light of the Holy Quran:

０-   أَوَلَمْ يَرَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنَّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ كَانَتَا رَتْقًا فَفَتَقْنَاهُمَا وَجَعَلْنَا مِنَ الْمَاءِ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ حَيٍّ أَفَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ ◯

 30. Do not the Unbelievers see That the heavens and the earth Were joined together (as one Unit of Creation), before We clove them asunder ? We made from water Every living thing. Will they Not then believe ?

(Sūra 21: Anbiyāa, or The Prophets, Ayat: 30, Verses 112 — Makki; Revealed at Makka — Sections 7, https://quranyusufali.com/21/).

CIRNN Explanation: 

Once upon a time there was no such thing as a "universe", there will be nothing, what is now, but one day, like a neutron star, it will run out of fuel and become a singularity, according to Einstein Theory or a string, which is said in the Holy Quran: folding is like closing an open book.

Note that, for the first time, the universe went from a state of non-existence to a pre-Big Bang state - which is called the "Highest Energetic Radiation" in the 'Modern Cosmological Standard Model' theory. Through computer simulations of the background radiation obtained, the standard model formula shows that the 4 great forces of the universe were united in the "highest energetic radiation." 

Even according to cosmologists, after the Big Bang (a) Electromagnetic Force, (b) Strong Nuclear Force (c) Weak Nuclear Force and (d) Gravitation – these 4 forces were united inside the “Highest Energetic Radiation”. Then there was no such thing as a particle with mass, except mass less Quanta of light, named Photon. 

 In fact, what existed at the beginning of the Big Bang were merely photons and photons. As a result, there was only a flood of light across the newly formed the universe.

 However, the existence of zero-state energy is not new to quantum mechanics. So it can be said that in addition to light in the universe, energy also existed by name of the Higgs field. CIRNN believes that mass less particles such as photons or any kind of waves interact with the Higgs field to create the first massed Higgs boson particles in the universe.

CIRNN thinks that before the Big Bang, along with the 4 major forces, gamma rays, and even dark energy, dark matter was also contained in the “Highest Energetic Radiation”. CIRNN also thinks that dark energy, dark matter, is present but it may not explode during the Big Bang. As during the big bang moment unexploded the Dark Energy as well as Dark Matter maybe acted in the whole atmosphere as soul of the universe such as the animal soul controls the entire body of the animal. It is merely just an idea, that is may be examined because having a strong activeness by the name of "Nature" in the whole universe,that is being governed by Allah Subhanahu Ta’la.

 Big Bang concept: in light of Modern Science 

 The Big Bang event is a physical theory that describes how the universe expanded from an initial state of high density and temperature.^{[Source: Bridge, Mark (Director) (30 July 2014). First Second of the Big Bang. How The Universe Works. Silver Spring, MD. Science Channel.]} Various cosmological models of the Big Bang explain the evolution of the observable universe from the earliest known periods through its subsequent large-scale form.^[2][3][4] These models offer a comprehensive explanation for a broad range of observed phenomena, including the abundance of light elements, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, and large-scale structure. The overall uniformity of the Universe, known as the flatness problem, is explained through cosmic inflation: a sudden and very rapid expansion of space during the earliest moments. However, physics currently lacks a widely accepted theory of quantum gravity that can successfully model the earliest conditions of the Big Bang.(Sources: i) Silk 2009, p. 208.ii) Singh 2004, p. 560. Book limited to 532 pages. Correct source page requested. iii) NASA/WMAP Science Team (6 June 2011). "Cosmology: The Study of the Universe". Universe 101: Big Bang Theory. Washington, D.C.: NASA].

Crucially, these models are compatible with the Hubble–Lemaître law—the observation that the farther away a galaxy is, the faster it is moving away from Earth. Extrapolating this cosmic expansion backwards in time using the known laws of physics, the models describe an increasingly concentrated cosmos preceded by a singularity in which space and time lose meaning (typically named "the Big Bang singularity").[Source: Chow 2008, p. 211] In 1964 the CMB was discovered, which convinced many cosmologists that the competing steady-state model of cosmic evolution was falsified,^{[Source Partridge 1995, p. xvii]} since the Big Bang models predict a uniform background radiation caused by high temperatures and densities in the distant past. A wide range of empirical evidence strongly favors the Big Bang event, which is now essentially universally accepted.^{[Source: Kragh 1996, p. 319: "At the same time that observations tipped the balance definitely in favor of relativistic big-bang theory].} Detailed measurements of the expansion rate of the universe place the Big Bang singularity at an estimated 13.787±0.020 billion years ago, which is considered the age of the universe.^{[Source: "Planck reveals an almost perfect universe". Max-Planck-Gesellschaft. 21 March 2013. Retrieved 17 November 2020.]}

Cosmology concept: in light of Modern Science 

Cosmology (from Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos) 'world', and -λογία (-logía) 'study of') is a branch of physics and metaphysics dealing with the nature of the universe. The term cosmology was first used in English in 1656 in Thomas Blount's Glossographia,^{[Source: Hetherington, Norriss S. (2014). Encyclopedia of Cosmology (Routledge Revivals): Historical, Philosophical, and Scientific Foundations of Modern Cosmology. Routledge. p. 116. ISBN 978-1-317-67766-6].}

Isaac Newton's Principia Mathematica, published in 1687, was the first description of the law of universal gravitation. It provided a physical mechanism for Kepler's laws and also allowed the anomalies in previous systems, caused by gravitational interaction between the planets, to be resolved. A fundamental difference between Newton's cosmology and those preceding it was the Copernican principle—that the bodies on Earth obey the same physical laws as all celestial bodies. This was a crucial philosophical advance in physical cosmology.

Modern scientific cosmology is usually considered to have begun in 1917 with Albert Einstein's publication of his final modification of general relativity in the paper "Cosmological Considerations of the General Theory of Relativity"^{[Source: Einstein, A. (1952). "Cosmological considerations on the general theory of relativity". The Principle of Relativity. Dover Books on Physics. June 1, 1952. 240 Pages. 0486600815, P. 175-188: 175–188. Bibcode:1952prel.book..175E]}

Subsequent modelling of the universe explored the possibility that the cosmological constant, introduced by Einstein in his 1917 paper, may result in an expanding universe, depending on its value. Thus the Big Bang model was proposed by the Belgian priest Georges Lemaître in 1927^[15]

which was subsequently corroborated by Edwin Hubble's discovery of the redshift in 1929^[16] and later by the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation by Arno Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson in 1964.^{[Sources:i) Martin, G. (1883). "G. DELSAULX. — Sur une propriété de la diffraction des ondes planes; Annales de la Société scientifique de Bruxelles; 1882". Journal de Physique Théorique et Appliquée (in French). 2 (1): 175. doi:10.1051/jphystap:018830020017501. ISSN 0368-389317] ii) Penzias, A. A.; Wilson, R. W. (1 July 1965). "A Measurement of Excess Antenna Temperature at 4080 Mc/s". The Astrophysical Journal. 142: 419–421. Bibcode:1965ApJ...142..419P. doi:10.1086/148307. ISSN 0004-637X.} These findings were a first step to rule out some of many alternative cosmologies.

Since around 1990, several dramatic advances in observational cosmology have transformed cosmology from a largely speculative science into a predictive science with precise agreement between theory and observation. These advances include observations of the microwave background from the COBE, WMAP and Planck satellites, large new galaxy redshift surveys including 2dfGRS^] and SDSS,^{[Sources: i)} Boggess, N. W.; Mather, J. C.; Weiss, R.; Bennett, C. L.; Cheng, E. S.; Dwek, E.; Gulkis, S.; Hauser, M. G.; Janssen, M. A.; Kelsall, T.; Meyer, S. S. (1 October 1992). "The COBE mission – Its design and performance two years after launch". The Astrophysical Journal. 397: 420–429. Bibcode:1992ApJ...397..420B. doi:10.1086/171797. ISSN 0004-637X ii) Parker, Barry R. (1993). The vindication of the big bang : breakthroughs and barriers. New York: Plenum Press. ISBN 0-306-44469-0. OCLC 27069165.iii) "Computer Graphics Achievement Award". ACM SIGGRAPH 2018 Awards. SIGGRAPH '18. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: Association for Computing Machinery: 1. 12 August 2018. doi:10.1145/3225151.3232529. ISBN 978-1-4503-5830-9. S2CID 51979217.IV) Science, American Association for the Advancement of (15 June 2007). "NETWATCH: Botany's Wayback Machine". Science. 316 (5831): 1547. doi:10.1126/science.316.5831.1547d. ISSN 0036-8075. S2CID 220096361.V) Paraficz, D.; Hjorth, J.; Elíasdóttir, Á (1 May 2009). "Results of optical monitoring of 5 SDSS double QSOs with the Nordic Optical Telescope". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 499 (2): 395–408. arXiv:0903.1027. Bibcode:2009A&A...499..395P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200811387. ISSN 0004-636^] and observations of distant supernovae and gravitational lensing. These observations matched the predictions of the cosmic inflation theory, a modified Big Bang theory, and the specific version known as the Lambda-CDM model. This has led many to refer to modern times as the "golden age of cosmology".^{[Source: Alan Guth is reported to have made this very claim in an Edge Foundation interview EDGE Archived 11 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine]}.

In 2014, the BICEP2 collaboration claimed that they had detected the imprint of gravitational waves in the cosmic microwave background. However, this result was later found to be spurious: the supposed evidence of gravitational waves was in fact due to interstellar dust.

On 1 December 2014, at the Planck 2014 meeting in Ferrara, Italy, astronomers reported that the universe is 13.8 billion years old and composed of 4.9% atomic matter, 26.6% dark matter and 68.5% dark energy.^{[Sources: i)} Sample, Ian (4 June 2014). "Gravitational waves turn to dust after claims of flawed analysis". the Guardian.ii) Cowen, Ron (30 January 2015). "Gravitational waves discovery now officially dead". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2015.16830. S2CID 124938210.iii) Dennis Overbye (1 December 2014). "New Images Refine View of Infant Universe". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 December 2014]. Courtesy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmology ^]

The Big Bang: In light of Modern Science

The Big Bang event is a physical theory that describes how the universe expanded from an initial state of high density and temperature.^{[Source: Bridge, Mark (Director) (30 July 2014). First Second of the Big Bang. How The Universe Works. Silver Spring, MD. Science Channel.]} Various cosmological models of the Big Bang explain the evolution of the observable universe from the earliest known periods through its subsequent large-scale form.

These models offer a comprehensive explanation for a broad range of observed phenomena, including the abundance of light elements, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, and large-scale structure.

The overall uniformity of the Universe, known as the flatness problem, is explained through cosmic inflation: a sudden and very rapid expansion of space during the earliest moments. However, physics currently lacks a widely accepted theory of quantum gravity that can successfully model the earliest conditions of the Big Bang.

(Sources: i) Silk 2009, p. 208.ii) Singh 2004, p. 560. Book limited to 532 pages. Correct source page requested. iii) NASA/WMAP Science Team (6 June 2011). "Cosmology: The Study of the Universe". Universe 101: Big Bang Theory. Washington, D.C.: NASA].

Crucially, these models are compatible with the Hubble–Lemaître law—the observation that the farther away a galaxy is, the faster it is moving away from Earth. Extrapolating this cosmic expansion backwards in time using the known laws of physics, the models describe an increasingly concentrated cosmos preceded by a singularity in which space and time lose meaning (typically named "the Big Bang singularity").

[Source: Chow 2008, p. 211] In 1964 the CMB was discovered, which convinced many cosmologists that the competing steady-state model of cosmic evolution was falsified,^{[Source Partridge 1995, p. xvii]} since the Big Bang models predict a uniform background radiation caused by high temperatures and densities in the distant past. A wide range of empirical evidence strongly favors the Big Bang event, which is now essentially universally accepted.^{[Source: Kragh 1996, p. 319: "At the same time that observations tipped the balance definitely in favor of relativistic big-bang theory].} Detailed measurements of the expansion rate of the universe place the Big Bang singularity at an estimated 13.787±0.020 billion years ago, which is considered the age of the universe.^{[Source: "Planck reveals an almost perfect universe". Max-Planck-Gesellschaft. 21 March 2013. Retrieved 17 November 2020.]}

Higgs Boson Particle and Modern Science

The Higgs boson, sometimes called the Higgs particle,^[9][10] is an elementary particle in the Standard Model of particle physics produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field, one of the fields in particle physics theory. In the Standard Model, the Higgs particle is a massive scalar boson with zero spin, even (positive) parity, no electric charge, and no colour charge that couples to (interacts with) mass.^[13] It is also very unstable, decaying into other particles almost immediately upon generation. (Sources:i) Goulette, Marc (15 August 2012). "What should we know about the Higgs particle?". Atlas Experiment / CERN. Archived from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2022."Getting to know the Higgs particle: New discoveries!" (Press release). Institute of Physics. Archived from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2022.  ii) Onyisi, P. (23 October 2012). "Higgs boson FAQ". University of Texas ATLAS group. Archived from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2013.   iii) Strassler, M. (12 October 2012). "The Higgs FAQ 2.0". ProfMattStrassler.com. Archived from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2013.   iv)  Falkowski, Adam (writing as 'Jester') (27 February 2013). "When shall we call it Higgs?". Résonaances particle physics. Archived from the original on 29 June 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2013).

The Higgs field is a scalar field with two neutral and two electrically charged components that form a complex doublet of the weak isospin SU(2) symmetry. Its "Mexican hat-shaped" potential leads it to take a nonzero value everywhere (including otherwise empty space), which breaks the weak isospin symmetry of the electroweak interaction and, via the Higgs mechanism, gives mass to many particles.

After a 40 year search, a subatomic particle with the expected properties was discovered in 2012 by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN near Geneva, Switzerland. The new particle was subsequently confirmed to match the expected properties of a Higgs boson. Physicists from two of the three teams, Peter Higgs and François Englert, were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2013 for their theoretical predictions. Although Higgs's name has come to be associated with this theory, several researchers between about 1960 and 1972 independently developed different parts of it.