Physics and Modern Science

 

Research and Islam

ِ ۚ وَتِلْكَ الْأَمْثَالُ نَضْرِبُهَا لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ ◯“Such are the similitudes Which We propound to men, That they may reflect. Such are the similitudes Which We propound to men, That they may reflect. (Sura Hashor, Ayat: 20, https://quranyusufali.com/59/).

Cosmology and Islam

Periodical Table and Islam

٢٣- هُوَ اللَّـهُ الْخَالِقُ الْبَارِئُ الْمُصَوِّرُ ۖ

Sūra 59: Hashr, or The Gathering (or Banishment), Verses 24 — Madani; Revealed at Madina — Sections 3, Ayat: 24. https://quranyusufali.com/59/

٥٠- قَالَ رَبُّنَا الَّذِي أَعْطَىٰ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلْقَهُ ثُمَّ هَدَىٰ ◯

He (Moses) said : “ Our Lord is He Who gave to each (Created) thing its form And nature, and further, Gave (it) guidance.” Sūra 20: Tā-Há (Mystic Letters, T.H.)

Sūra 20: Tā-Há (Mystic Letters, T.H.), Verses 135 — Makki; Revealed at Madina — Sections 8, Ayat: 50, https://quranyusufali.com/20/

Physics and Al Quran

i) Iron and Al Quran

٢٥- لَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا رُسُلَنَا بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ وَأَنزَلْنَا مَعَهُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْمِيزَانَ لِيَقُومَ النَّاسُ بِالْقِسْطِ ۖ وَأَنزَلْنَا الْحَدِيدَ فِيهِ بَأْسٌ شَدِيدٌ وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ وَلِيَعْلَمَ اللَّـهُ مَن يَنصُرُهُ وَرُسُلَهُ بِالْغَيْبِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّـهَ قَوِيٌّ عَزِيزٌ ◯

25. We sent aforetime Our apostles with Clear Signs And sent down with them The Book and the Balance (Of Right and Wrong), that men May stand forth in justice ; And We sent down Iron, In which is (material for) Mighty war, as well as Many benefits for mankind, That God may test who It is that will help, Unseen, Him and His apostles : For God is Full of Strength, Exalted in Might (And able to enforce His Will).

Sūra 57: Hadīd, or Iron,Verses 29 — Madani; Revealed at Madina — Sections 4, Ayat:25, https://quranyusufali.com/57/

مَّا فَرَّطْنَا فِي الْكِتَابِ مِن شَيْءٍ ۚ ثُمَّ إِلَىٰ رَبِّهِمْ يُحْشَرُونَ ◯

“Nothing have We omitted from the Book” (of Al Quran) (Sura Ana’m, Ayat: 38, https://quranyusufali.com/6/). 

وَنَزَّلْنَا عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ تِبْيَانًا لِّكُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَهُدًى وَرَحْمَةً وَبُشْرَىٰ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ ◯

“And We have sent down To thee the Book explaining All things, a Guide, a Mercy, And Glad Tidings to Muslims”. (Sura Nahl, Ayat: 89, https://quranyusufali.com/16/)

قَدْ فَصَّلْنَا الْآيَاتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُون ◯

“We detail Our Signs for people who know”.( (Sura Ana’m, Ayat: 97, https://quranyusufali.com/6/ )

ii) Lead and Al Quran

 ٩٦- آتُونِي زُبَرَ الْحَدِيدِ ۖ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا سَاوَىٰ بَيْنَ الصَّدَفَيْنِ قَالَ انفُخُوا ۖ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا جَعَلَهُ نَارًا قَالَ آتُونِي أُفْرِغْ عَلَيْهِ قِطْرًا ◯

96. “ Bring me blocks of iron.” At length, when he had Filled up the space between The two steep mountain-sides, He said, “ Blow (with your bellows) ” Then, when he had made It (red) as fire, he said : “ Bring me, that I may Pour over it, molten lead.”

٩٧- فَمَا اسْطَاعُوا أَن يَظْهَرُوهُ وَمَا اسْتَطَاعُوا لَهُ نَقْبًا ◯

97. Thus were they made Powerless to scale it Or to dig through it.

Sūra 18: Kahf, or the Cave,Verses 110 — Makki; Revealed at Makka — Sections 12, Ayat: 97, https://quranyusufali.com/18/

iii) Quark and Al Quran

٣- الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْغَيْبِ وَيُقِيمُونَ الصَّلَاةَ وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ يُنفِقُونَ ◯

Who believe in the Unseen are steadfast in prayer and spend out of what We have provided for them. Sūra 2: Baqara, or the Heifer, Verses 286 — Ayat: 3, Madani; Revealed at Medina — Sections 40https://quranyusufali.com/2/

Indeed, the Quark particle is yet unseen to the scientist.

iv)Neutrino and Al Quran

But most surely, By my Lord, it will come Upon you ;—by Him Who knows the unseen,— From Whom is not hidden The least little atom In the Skies or on earth : Nor is there anything less Than that, or greater, but Is in the Record Perspicuous: Sura Saba.

٤٠- قَالَ الَّذِي عِنْدَهُ عِلْمٌ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ أَنَا آتِيكَ بِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَرْتَدَّ إِلَيْكَ طَرْفُكَ فَلَمَّا رَآهُ مُسْتَقِرًّا عِنْدَهُ قَالَ هَـٰذَا مِنْ فَضْلِ رَبِّي لِيَبْلُوَنِي أَأَشْكُرُ أَمْ أَكْفُرُ وَمَنْ شَكَرَ فَإِنَّمَا يَشْكُرُ لِنَفْسِهِ وَمَنْ كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ رَبِّي غَنِيٌّ كَرِيمٌ ◯

40. Said one who had knowledge Of the Book : “ I will Bring it to thee within The twinkling of an eye ! ” Then when (Solomon) saw it Placed firmly before him, He said : “ This is By the grace of my Lord !— To test me whether I am Grateful or ungrateful ! And if any is grateful, Truly his gratitude is (a gain) For his own soul ; but if Any is ungrateful, truly My Lord is Free of all Needs, Supreme in Honour ! ”Sūra 27: Naml, or the Ants, Ayat: 40, https://quranyusufali.com/27/).

v) Periodic table and Al Quran

٣٢- فَأَلْقَىٰ عَصَاهُ فَإِذَا هِيَ ثُعْبَانٌ مُّبِينٌ ◯

32. So (Moses) threw his rod, And behold, it was A serpent, plain (for all to see) !

Sūra 26: Shu’arāa, or The Poets,Verses 227 — Makki; Revealed at Mecca — Sections 11, Ayat: 32.

In view of Greek scientist Democritus

In view of the Greek scientist Democritus, the absolute essence of matter is the 'atom' which means that it cannot be broken down.

In view of Greek Philosopher Aristotle

Later, according to another Greek philosopher Aristotle, the absolute of matter is not one-dimensional, but four-dimensional, that is, i) Earth ii) Water, iii) Air and iv) Fire.

In view of Arabic Scientist Jabir-Ibn-Hayyan 

Before arriving in Europe, Aristotle's ideas did not change much, but a new part was added. The concept was introduced by the eighth century medieval Arab scientist Jabir Ibn Hayyan. The principle given by him was of two kinds. One was called i) Mercury, another ii) Sulphur. This mercury or sulfur is not exactly the mercury-sulfur we know.Mercury principle is 'cold' and 'wet'. Sulfur on the other hand is 'hot' and 'dry'. Cool-moist and hot-dry in English.These four characters indicate a new position between the four basic substances. 

According to this sulphur-mercury theory, these four religions make up the seven basic metals—i) Gold ii) Silver iii) Copper, iv) Tin v) Iron vi) Lead and vii) Mercury. The four qualities of the sulfur-mercury theory determine what a metal will look like.Aristotle's four elements and Jabir Ibn Hayyan's sulfur-mercury - the most common list is made together. This list of four elements in the four corners of a square is called the first periodic table.

Paracelsus, a Swiss medical scientist, added innovation to this concept in the 16th century. He made a slightly more elaborate theory by adding 'salts' to the mercury-sulphur theory. According to this theory of sulphur-mercury-salts not only metals like Jabir; all other substances are also made from these chemical religions. 

In the seventeenth century, Pierre Gassendi brought back Democritus' idea of indivisible atoms. On the other hand, Robert Boyle tried to prove that there was no such thing as salt. He was the first to draw a line between alchemy and chemistry. Even in his ideas, some ideas like atom-molecule-chemical reactions came up.

But in the meantime, Joseph Priestley was able to separate the gases in the air. Lavoisier published a list of 33 elements in 1777. He distinguished for the first time between metals and non-metals. In 1803 John Dalton proposed 'Dalton's Law'. Dalton's law is an important formula in chemistry and physics. The statement of this formula is, "The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases without mutual reaction is equal to the sum of the partial pressures exerted by each gas.

After that slowly people started to understand the true concept of basic matter. Man began to separate the elemental substances. As time passed, the number of material elements increased day by day. At that time, as people understood, elemental matter is the basis of creation of all matter. So scientists thought, since each element has a specific atomic mass, to put the elemental substances together in a list based on mass. 

After many attempts, Dmitri Mendeleev, in 1869, arranged a list of 63 elements based on atomic mass. Because, at that time, people knew that Mendeleev made a beautiful pattern by arranging atomic masses. In this pattern, Mendeleev divides the elements into rows and columns which are almost identical in Characterstic. Mendeleev named the rows as periods, and the columns as groups. Periods and groups make up the "Periodic Table".

vi) Aeroplane Technology and Al Quran

”١٢- وَلِسُلَيْمَانَ الرِّيحَ غُدُوُّهَا شَهْرٌ وَرَوَاحُهَا شَهْرٌ ۖ وَأَسَلْنَا لَهُ عَيْنَ الْقِطْرِ ۖ وَمِنَ الْجِنِّ مَن يَعْمَلُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِ ۖ وَمَن يَزِغْ مِنْهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِنَا نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ السَّعِيرِ ◯

12. And to Solomon (We Made) the Wind (obedient) : Its early morning (stride) Was a month’s (journey), And its evening (stride) Was a month’s (journey) ; And We made a Font Of molten brass to flow For him ; and there were Jinns that worked in front Of him, by the leave Of his Lord, and if any Of them turned aside From Our command, We Made Him taste Of the Penalty Of the Blazing Fire

Sūra 34: Sabā, or the City of Sabā,Verses 54 — Makki; Revealed at Makka — Sections 6, Ayat: 12.

vii) Voyager-Rocket Technology and Al Quran

٣٣- يَا مَعْشَرَ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنسِ إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتُمْ أَن تَنفُذُوا مِنْ أَقْطَارِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ فَانفُذُوا ۚ لَا تَنفُذُونَ إِلَّا بِسُلْطَانٍ ◯

O ye assembly of Jinns And men ! If it be Ye can pass beyond The zones of the heavens And the earth, pass ye ! Not without authority Shall ye be able to pass !

Sūra 55: Rahmān, or (God) Most Gracious,Verses 78 —Ayat: 33, Madani; Revealed at Madina — Sections 3, https://quranyusufali.com/55/.

Voyager 1

It may be noted Voyager 1 is a space probe launched by NASA on September 5, 1977, as part of the Voyager program to study the outer Solar System and interstellar space beyond the Sun's heliosphere. Launched 16 days after its twin Voyager 2, Voyager 1 has been operating for 45 years, 2 months and 23 days as of November 29, 2022 UTC ]. It communicates through NASA's Deep Space Network to receive routine commands and to transmit data to Earth. Real-time distance and velocity data is provided by NASA and JPL. At a distance of 158.79 AU (14.760 billion mi) from Earth as of November 7, 2022, it is the most distant human-made object from Earth. Speed Capacity: 17 k.m. per minute.

Rocket Technology 

A rocket (from Italian: rocchetto, lit. 'bobbin/spool') is a vehicle that uses jet propulsion to accelerate without using the surrounding air. A rocket engine produces thrust by reaction to exhaust expelled at high speed. Rocket engines work entirely from propellant carried within the vehicle; therefore a rocket can fly in the vacuum of space. (Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket

Speed capacity of Rocket

If a rocket is launched from the surface of the Earth, it needs to reach a speed of at least 7.9 kilometers per second (4.9 miles per second) in order to reach space. This speed of 7.9 kilometers per second is known as the orbital velocity, it corresponds to more than 20 times the speed of sound.

viii) Dark Matter-Energy and Al Quran

٦٥- قُلْ لَا يَعْلَمُ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ الْغَيْبَ إِلَّا اللَّـهُ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ أَيَّانَ يُبْعَثُونَ ◯

Say : None in the heavens Or on earth, except God, Knows what is hidden : Nor can they perceive When they shall be raised Up (for Judgment).

Sūra 27: Naml, or the Ants,Verses 93 —Ayat: 65, Makki; Revealed at Makka — Sections 7

ix) Event Horizon (Black Hole) and Al Quran

٦- قُلْ أَنْزَلَهُ الَّذِي يَعْلَمُ السِّرَّ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ إِنَّهُ كَانَ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا ◯

6. Say : “ The (Qur-ān) was sent down By Him Who knows The Mystery (that is) in the heavens And the earth : verily He Is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.”

Sūra 25: Furqān, or The Criterion,Verses 77 —, Ayat: 6, Makki ; Revealed at Makka — Sections 6, https://quranyusufali.com/25/

All praises of creation for Allah, almighty

١- الْحَمْدُ لِلَّـهِ فَاطِرِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ جَاعِلِ الْمَلَائِكَةِ رُسُلًا أُولِي أَجْنِحَةٍ مَّثْنَىٰ وَثُلَاثَ وَرُبَاعَ ۚ يَزِيدُ فِي الْخَلْقِ مَا يَشَاءُ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّـهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ ◯

Praise be to God, Who created (out of nothing) The heavens and the earth, Who made the angels Messengers with wings,— Two, or three, or four (Pairs) : He adds to Creation As He pleases : for God Has power over all things.

Sūra 35: Fātir, or The Originator of Creation,Verses 45 — Makki; Revealed at Makka — Sections 5.

Space and Al Quran

٣-الَّذِي خَلَقَ سَبْعَ سَمَاوَاتٍ طِبَاقًا ۖ مَّا تَرَىٰ فِي خَلْقِ الرَّحْمَـٰنِ مِن تَفَاوُتٍ ۖ فَارْجِعِ الْبَصَرَ هَلْ تَرَىٰ مِن فُطُورٍ ◯

He Who created The seven heavens One above another : No want of proportion Wilt thou see In the Creation Of (God) Most Gracious. So turn thy vision again : Seest thou any flaw ?

٤-ثُمَّ ارْجِعِ الْبَصَرَ كَرَّتَيْنِ يَنقَلِبْ إِلَيْكَ الْبَصَرُ خَاسِئًا وَهُوَ حَسِيرٌ ◯

Again turn thy vision A second time : (thy) vision Will come back to thee Dull and discomfited, In a state worn out.

٥-وَلَقَدْ زَيَّنَّا السَّمَاءَ الدُّنْيَا بِمَصَابِيحَ وَجَعَلْنَاهَا رُجُومًا لِّلشَّيَاطِينِ ۖ وَأَعْتَدْنَا لَهُمْ عَذَابَ السَّعِيرِ ◯

And We have, (From of old), Adorned the lowest heaven With Lamps, and We Have made such (Lamps) (As) missiles to drive away the Evil Ones, And have prepared for them The Penalty Of the Blazing Fire.

Sūra 67: Mulk, or Dominion,Verses 30 — Makki; Revealed at Makka — Sections 2, Ayat: 3-5, https://quranyusufali.com/67/

٦- أَفَلَمْ يَنظُرُوا إِلَى السَّمَاءِ فَوْقَهُمْ كَيْفَ بَنَيْنَاهَا وَزَيَّنَّاهَا وَمَا لَهَا مِن فُرُوجٍ ◯

Do they not look At the sky above them ?— How We have made it And adorned it, And there are no Flaws in it ?

٧- وَالْأَرْضَ مَدَدْنَاهَا وَأَلْقَيْنَا فِيهَا رَوَاسِيَ وَأَنبَتْنَا فِيهَا مِن كُلِّ زَوْجٍ بَهِيجٍ ◯

And the earth—We have spread it out, And set thereon mountains Standing firm, and produced Therein every kind of Beautiful growth (in pairs)—

٨- تَبْصِرَةً وَذِكْرَىٰ لِكُلِّ عَبْدٍ مُّنِيبٍ ◯

To be observed And commemorated By every devotee Turning (to God).

٣٨- وَلَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا فِي سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ وَمَا مَسَّنَا مِن لُّغُوبٍ ◯

We created the Skies And the earth and all Between them in Six Days, Nor did any sense Of weariness touch Us.

Sūra 50: Qāf, or The Letter Qaaf, Ayat 6, 7, 8, 38 Verses 45 — Makki; Revealed at Makka — Sections 3.

Human and Islam

Born History and Al Quran

١٢- وَلَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ سُلَالَةٍ مِنْ طِينٍ ◯

Man We did create From a quintessence (of clay) ;

١٣- ثُمَّ جَعَلْنَاهُ نُطْفَةً فِي قَرَارٍ مَكِينٍ ◯

Then We placed him As (a drop of) sperm In a place of rest, Firmly fixed ;

١٤- ثُمَّ خَلَقْنَا النُّطْفَةَ عَلَقَةً فَخَلَقْنَا الْعَلَقَةَ مُضْغَةً فَخَلَقْنَا الْمُضْغَةَ عِظَامًا فَكَسَوْنَا الْعِظَامَ لَحْمًا ثُمَّ أَنْشَأْنَاهُ خَلْقًا آخَرَ فَتَبَارَكَ اللَّـهُ أَحْسَنُ الْخَالِقِينَ ◯

Then We made the sperm Into a clot of congealed blood ; Then of that clot We made A (fœtus) lump ; then We Made out of that lump Bones and clothed the bones With flesh ; then We developed Out of it another creature. So blessed be God, The Best to create !

Sūra 23: Mū-minūn, or The Believers,Verses 118 —Ayat:12-14, Makki; Revealed at Makka— Sections 6, https://quranyusufali.com/23/

٦٧- هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُم مِّن تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ مِن نُّطْفَةٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ عَلَقَةٍ ثُمَّ يُخْرِجُكُمْ طِفْلًا ثُمَّ لِتَبْلُغُوا أَشُدَّكُمْ ثُمَّ لِتَكُونُوا شُيُوخًا ۚ وَمِنكُم مَّن يُتَوَفَّىٰ مِن قَبْلُ ۖ وَلِتَبْلُغُوا أَجَلًا مُّسَمًّى وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ ◯

It is He Who has Created you from dust, Then from a sperm-drop, Then from a leech-like clot ; Then does He get you Out (into the light) As a child : then lets you (Grow and) reach your age Of full strength ; then Lets you become old,—Though of you there are Some who die before ;—And lets you reach A Term appointed ; In order that ye May learn wisdom. ( Sūra 40: Mū-min, or The Believer,Verses 85 —Ayat: 67, Makki; Revealed at Makka — Sections 9, https://quranyusufali.com/40/ )

Death and Al Quran

١٥- ثُمَّ إِنَّكُمْ بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ لَمَيِّتُونَ ◯

After that, at length Ye will die.

Sūra 23: Mū-minūn, or The Believers,Verses 118 —Ayat:15, Makki; Revealed at Makka— Sections 6, https://quranyusufali.com/23/

٦٨- هُوَ الَّذِي يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ ۖ فَإِذَا قَضَىٰ أَمْرًا فَإِنَّمَا يَقُولُ لَهُ كُن فَيَكُونُ ◯

68. It is He Who gives Life And Death ; and when He Decides upon an affair, He says to it, “ Be ”, And it is. (https://quranyusufali.com/40/)

Quiamat (Day Of Judgment) and Al Quran

١٦- ثُمَّ إِنَّكُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ تُبْعَثُونَ ◯

Again, on the Day Of Judgment, will ye be Raised up.

Sūra 23: Mū-minūn, or The Believers,Verses 118 —Ayat:16, Makki; Revealed at Makka— Sections 6, https://quranyusufali.com/23/

٩٨- قَالَ هَـٰذَا رَحْمَةٌ مِّن رَّبِّي ۖ فَإِذَا جَاءَ وَعْدُ رَبِّي جَعَلَهُ دَكَّاءَ ۖ وَكَانَ وَعْدُ رَبِّي حَقًّا ◯

He said : “ This is A mercy from my Lord : But when the promise Of my Lord comes to pass, He will make it into dust ; And the promise of My Lord is true.”

(Sūra 18: Kahf, or the Cave,Verses 110 — Makki; Revealed at Makkah — Sections 12, Ayat; 98, https://quranyusufali.com/18/)

٩٠-تَكَادُ السَّمَاوَاتُ يَتَفَطَّرْنَ مِنْهُ وَتَنشَقُّ الْأَرْضُ وَتَخِرُّ الْجِبَالُ هَدًّا ◯

90. At it the skies are ready To burst, the earth To split asunder, and The mountains to fall down In utter ruin,

Sūra 19: Maryam, or Mary, Verses 98 — Makki; Revealed at Makka — Sections 6, Ayat: 90 ,https://quranyusufali.com/19/

١٧- وَلَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا فَوْقَكُمْ سَبْعَ طَرَائِقَ وَمَا كُنَّا عَنِ الْخَلْقِ غَافِلِينَ ◯

17. And We have made, above you, Seven tracts ; and We Are never unmindful Of (Our) Creation.

Sūra 23: Mū-minūn, or The Believers,Verses 118 —Ayat:17, Makki; Revealed at Makka— Sections 6, https://quranyusufali.com/23/, https://quranyusufali.com/19/

.٥٧- لَخَلْقُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ أَكْبَرُ مِنْ خَلْقِ النَّاسِ وَلَـٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ ◯

57. Assuredly the creation Of the Skies And the earth Is a greater (matter) Than the creation of men : Yet most men understand not. (Sūra 40: Mū-min, or The Believer,Verses 85 — Ayat 57, Makki; Revealed at Makkah — Sections 9